Jack Daniels Presentation at the 2003 Montana Coaches Association Clinic
Coach Daniels is the said to be one of the best coaches in U.S.  His book, Daniels
Running Formula is the bible of training guides.  Daniels now heads up the high
altitude training center at Northern Arizona.

Below is a quick summary of his presentation:
Ingredients of success
1. Inherent ability
2. Motivation (has to be intrinsic)
3. Opportunity
4. Direction

ABILITY
There are four types of kids:
1. Ability and motivated
2. Ability not motivated
3. No ability and motivated
4. No ability and not motivated

A good example of a motivated runner with ability was Jerry Lingren (sp).  
He is known for running huge mileage and handled well
His longest run was 66 miles
Highest weekly mileage was 360 miles
Highest average per week for one year was 240 miles

TRAINING
The body reacts to stress.  Benefits to the body occur following stress.  The body
becomes stronger and the cardiovascular system becomes more efficient.  To reap
the benefits of training the runner must train specifically for their event.  This is called
Specificity of Training.  Once the body is stressed the runner must give the body time to
recover.  One of Daniel's Principles of training is the Principle of Diminishing Returns"
This means that as the training increases in duration and intensity the benefit from
the training decreases. You may even reach a point in training where benefits 
become negated or in other words you are doing more harm than good.  He believes
in giving the body time to adapt to the stress applied in training.  He wrapped up this
thought with the statement "Why kill yourself in training if there is no benefit. Some people
just like to train and don't understand what type of training benefits them most.  He also stressed
that it is easier to maintain fitness than to achieve it

He mentions that a good measure of fitness is how easy running feels.
To increase speed 1% it takes about 1% more energy.  As a runner becomes
more economical less energy is expended.  The body becomes more efficient.
He says that a high VO2 max is important but economy is more important.

The number of slow/fast twitch muscle fibers should not be a determining factor for
race distance.  Lactic acid is not cleared from the muscles when speed is increased.
As you know, lactate acid buildup will eventually cause you to slow down.

To improve performance:
Improve economy
Improve VO2 max
Improve lactate threshold
The theory of training states that different types of training improve economy,
VO2 max, and lactate threshold.

VO2 Means oxygen volume per minute
VDOT Performance measured

VDOT is used to determine your fitness level.  Daniels has VDOT charts in his book that
correlate to training intensity.  Not everyone should train at the same level because
of different levels of fitness.

He suggests to "Live in the Moment"  Concentrate on one thing at a time-Focus.

Daniels told the story of a kid that was going to start a race and drop out because he thought
he couldn't finish the race.  The coach suggested that he just take each lap at a time and see what happens.
He did and he finished the race plus did quite well.

Cellular improvements due to training:
Develop more and bigger mitochondria
Organells are closer to cell membrane
Increase in capillaries

Delivery of oxygen to the cell is the primary limiting factor and the capability to use
Oxygen is a secondary limiting factor.

Four types of training Systems
I. Easy running-75% of heart rate maximum (25%-50% of weekly mileage)
Training duration-30-150 minutes
He suggests at least 30 minutes of running before most benefit is realized.
Speed is determined by VDOT system

II. Threshold training-90% heart rate maximum (10% of weekly mileage)
Training duration at least 20 minutes.  Speed is determined by VDOT system Try the talk test.  
If you can only get two or three words out at  a time as you conversing with your training partners 
might be fast enough.  Don't run too fast!  Cruise intervals works the threshold system but is broken 
up into intervals.  Don' t allow too much rest because you want to keep the lactate levels up!  The ideas 
is to teach the body to clear lactate quickly which is what threshold training is all about.  For meets that don't mean
much, run a workout after the meet.

III. Intervals-Near 100% heart rate maximum (8% of weekly mileage)
Increases VO2 max.  Run at about 5K pace
No more than 5 minutes of run
Recovery is equal to work (1:1 ratio)
His favorite VO2 max workout is 14-16 200's with short rest
Speed is determined by VDOT system
He likes to run 1000's and 1200's for girls

IV. Repetition-near 100% heart rate (5% of weekly mileage)
Pace is faster than interval pace
This is an anaerobic workout so the runner needs complete recovery
Runner probably needs 2-3 times rest compared to workload time
Repetition workouts improve running economy
Hill workouts are basically repetition workouts

He advocates counting steps.  Most Olympic runners take about 90 steps per minute.

Slower turnover means you hit the ground harder. Quicker turnover means less pounding and better
rhythm

Breathing Rhythms
Race or training pace-take 2 steps and breath in and 2 steps breath out
This is 2-2 breathing pace
3-3 breathing pace might be an easier run 
4-4 breathing pace indicates you are running too slow

Get into your breathing pattern as soon as possible in a race

How much you do and what system you use is determined by what part of the season you are in at the time.

Work on your weaknesses in the off-season or early in the season.
Concentrate on what you are good at later in the season

Take a good warm up before racing and any hard workout.  He suggest running 2-4 minutes
at race pace 15 minutes before your race.

Have a goal in every race! Go out fast -Go out slow-Run together-etc.

Quote: the first 2/3's of your race use your head and in last 1/3 use your heart!

Good diet is important-plenty of iron